Bans on single-parent adoption by gay and lesbian individuals, second-parent adoption, and cross-border recognition of the parent-child relationship in same-sex couples raise pressing human rights issues. The book charts these phenomena and related ECtHR complaints and rulings. Applying rigorous methodolo-gy, it scrutinises outcomes to hold them accountable to the ECHR’s internal logic, identifying strengths while exposing limits of protection provided by this framework, persistently shaped by concerns of ‘communal morality’. The author is a family law and human rights scholar based in Greece and Cyprus.