This volume examines the use of artificial intelligence (AI) surveillance tools, such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), facial recognition, and license plate readers, across Africa. Although governments claim these technologies combat cybercrime and terrorism, the book shows that they are often used to monitor citizens without their knowledge or consent. The book also reveals that China has become the leading supplier and installer of these tools, helping to build powerful surveillance systems in many African countries. Drawing on examples from across the continent, the book argues that these technologies are shaping new forms of digital control. This book will appeal to scholars, policymakers, diplomats, human rights advocates, and students of African politics, international relations, and security studies.