This book provides a foundation for modern applied ecology. Much of current ecology research and conservation addresses problems across landscapes and regions, focusing on spatial patterns and processes. This book is aimed at teaching fundamental concepts and focuses on learning-by-doing through the use of examples with the software R. It is intended to provide an entry-level, easily accessible foundation for students and practitioners interested in spatial ecology and conservation. The second edition of this popular textbook follows a rapidly changing field with updates of concepts, methods, and code. New chapters include topics on movement ecology and conservation planning, with an improved link between spatial modeling and applied conservation throughout the book.