This volume focuses on international comparison and transfer against the background of the two projects “Religious Education in Schools in Europe” (RelEdu) and “International Knowledge Transfer” (IKT). The benefit of this approach can be seen in the concretization of methodological questions which in this way can be discussed with reference to these research projects and the questions associated with them. In addition, the two focal points of comparison and transfer are discussed in the wider context of internationalization, especially internationalization in science and particularly in research on religious education. This contextualization reflects the growing interest in international comparative research in religious education to which the present volume also contributes.