This book offers a pioneering interdisciplinary exploration into the role of metacognition in medical education and practice, focusing on transforming the doctor-patient relationship through cognitive, metacognitive, and humanistic approaches. It provides critical insights into how metacognitive strategies can enhance communication, empathy, and decision-making in clinical settings, thereby improving patient outcomes, healthcare quality, and burnout syndrome prevention among healthcare practitioners. The main topics covered in the book include the analysis of traditional and contemporary models of medical practice, the cognitive dynamics between healthcare providers and patients, and the integration of metacognitive training in medical education and practice. The volume delves into the philosophical underpinnings of medical practice, comparing biomedical and biopsychosocial models while promoting a more nuanced, relationship-centered approach that considers individual belief systems and psychological needs. This book advocates for a shift in mentalities rather than a paradigm shift. These topics are not just important; they are crucial as they address the ongoing quality-of-care crisis in healthcare systems worldwide. By focusing on metacognition, the book highlights the importance of self-awareness, reflection, and critical thinking in medical practice. It challenges conventional paternalistic models by promoting a collaborative, humanistic approach that values the doctor-patient relationship as a dynamic, interdependent process.