This book offers an intricate account of the legal, socio-economic, and political considerations that young international courts go through while trying to establish institutional authority. Drawing on a wealth of original ethnographic and archival data, it advances our understanding of international adjudication beyond prevailing state-centric explanations. Through the lens of judicial diplomacy, it offers a window into understanding the contemporary transformations of international judicial relations. It foregrounds judicial on-bench and off-bench activities as equally important attributes of the judicial process. This Title is also Available as Open Access.