Social struggles over gender norms shape Muslim societies – from feminist to traditionalist and Islamist trends. This book offers the first study of how such discourses not only structure identity and social order but are also instrumentalised by actors like the so-called Islamic State in its gender-specific propaganda. Case studies from Morocco, Egypt, and Indonesia illustrate how key issues – such as early marriage, male authority, or polygyny – are debated by diverse actors and simultaneously appropriated by the IS. The result is a new understanding of the discursive appeal of extremist movements.