This book places theological, educational, philosophical and mystical insights from an Islamic perspective at the service of the cultivation of the self. Against this background, it analyses the question of to what extent the work on the self in terms of virtue ethics can be considered a task of school education. It thus focuses on virtue as a dimension of education, including Islamic religious education. At the beginning of the book, theoretical considerations about the moral constitution of human beings are central. These are then concretised into the practical categories or key virtues of justice, sincerity, compassion and friendship.