How is primary education structured and shaped across different countries worldwide? What similarities and differences emerge in school systems, primary teacher education, and pedagogical approaches? “Unveiling the Mosaic of Primary Education Systems Worldwide” brings together international perspectives on primary education from several continents. Contributions from 18 countries explore various systems, their current challenges, historical developments, and innovative practices in primary schooling and teacher education. Combining national system overviews with analyses of topics such as inclusion, educational inequality, professionalisation, and socioemotional learning, this volume offers valuable insights for researchers, teacher educators, and policymakers. It invites readers to rethink primary education as a global field of pedagogical practice and international dialogue.