This book is aimed at adult and pediatric endocrinologists, general practitioners and pediatricians, trainees in adult and pediatric endocrinology who are faced daily with the clinical challenges presented by children and adolescents with endocrine disorders. The objective is to provide rational, updated and evidence-based algorithms to guide the physician through the differential diagnoses in pediatric endocrinology. The pillars of the medical approach such as history, physical examination, laboratory and radiological investigations are included synthetically in each algorithm with a focus on the indispensable steps to achieve the correct diagnosis and start the appropriate therapy. The introduction of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the diagnostic approach to the child with endocrine diseases, and an appropriate focus on genetics has been included in this edition. This 4th fully rewritten edition of Practical Algorithms in Pediatric Endocrinology contains flow charts tackling the diagnostic workup of the most frequent pediatric endocrine disorders. Each step of the algorithms has a reference number quoted in the paired page with insights into the evidence and rationale supporting thestatements. Finally, an essential bibliography is included in each chapter.