The book provides a systematic overview of data privacy and data governance from both conceptual and technical perspectives. The first section introduces the fundamentals of data privacy and data governance from a historical and systemic standpoint. Sections two through four focus on large-scale data collection, machine learning, and data ecosystem scenarios, respectively, providing an introduction to their corresponding technical foundations and summarizing key current issues and technological solutions. This book offers a fresh perspective on data privacy and data governance within the context of the new data ecosystem. It primarily explains technical concepts and algorithms, supplemented by case studies, in a balanced and informative manner. It is intended for both technical professionals seeking information and general readers interested in developing a basic understanding of data privacy and data governance, as well as cultivating data literacy. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.