The present volume inspects the interaction of Romania’s religious actors with the Roma communities. Contrary to the main historical research undertook up to the present moment, the sections of this book highlight the interplay between discourses and practices of exclusion respectively inclusion of the Roma communities. The selection of historical documents covers the 19th and the 20th century. They present evidence for the social relevance of religion, both in terms of identification and from the standpoint of evaluating the (non-)conformism of Roma individuals or communities. Through this book, the editors aim to deepen the understanding of aspects related to religious affiliation and religiosity of the Roma, hence, adding to the existing body of literature a volume which highlights the historical dimension of such issues.