The rise of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is a major challenge in drug policy, as these substances evade legal controls and spread quickly. This volume explores the NPS crisis in Central Asia and China, focusing on government responses within public health, law enforcement, and drug policy reforms. It offers a comprehensive look at regional and global trends, early warning systems, and harm reduction services. By addressing these complex challenges, the book contributes to the evolving debate on drug policy, public health, and human rights in combating synthetic drugs. With contributions by Gulnoza Abdukakharova | Zhandos Aktayev | Gulzhan Altybayeva | Zhyldyz Bakirova | Sergei Bessonov | Tatiana Galako | Jiang Haifeng | Ulla-Britt Klankwarth | Almas Kussainov | Alexei Lakhov | Nikolay Lunchenkov | Vladimir Magkoev | Naimdzhon Malikov | Valentina Mankieva | Elena Molchanova | Danil Nikitin | Zhanara Nurseitova | Mariya Prilutskaya | Jakhongir Ravshanov | Ainur Shukimbayeva | Heino Stöver | Nikolai Unguryan | Vitaliy Vinogradov | Yifan Xu | Guzalkhon Zakhidova | Aigerim Zhumasheva